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The most important metabolic pathways described above, for example, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, occurs in all three domains of organisms, and had already occur in their last common ancestor [110] [5]. It was a prokaryotic organism, probably with external metanogen metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleotides and fatty acids how to lose weight fast. Stopping the further development of these pathways during evolution may be due to their optimum performance, reduced complexity and meet basic metabolic needs [6] [7]. It is believed that the first metabolic pathways based on enzyme activity could form part of the purine nucleotide metabolism, together with the earlier metabolic pathways forming part of a hypothetical RNA world [113] [114].

There are many hypotheses to explain the mechanism of formation and evolution of new metabolic pathways. They assumed, among others sequential addition of new enzymes for the short route of the original, duplication and differentiation of individual cycles, and the inclusion of pre-existing enzymes to emerging pathways [115]. Although the relative contribution of these mechanisms in the evolution has not been determined, but genetic testing revealed that the majority of enzymes within a pathway is usually a common origin, which shows that their evolution occurred gradually, and new features were created based on existing ones [116] [117] . Another possibility is the existence of a universal "modules", which - used in a variety of routes - have similar effects on various substances [118].

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